Top 10 reasons why batteries of most consumer cars do not last long and how to maintain them properly :-
1) The electrode plates in the individual cells were damaged due to extreme rash driving on bad roads. Sadly, there is no going back once the plates are damaged and the battery would indeed need to be replaced with a fresh one. The solution is to drive slowly as per road conditions.
2) The electrolyte dries up and its level goes down inside the battery exposing the plates. The solution is to check on a regular basis and increase the level of the electrolyte solution by adding distilled water to each of the individual cells as and when necessary.
3) The individual cells have been overfilled with distilled water leading to swelling of the battery and/or loss of electrolyte from the gas vent/s. Sadly, there is no solution for this and you have to replace the battery in case of swelling or if too much electrolyte has been lost.
4) Non-distilled water or impure distilled water was used to increase the electrolyte level inside the battery. The solution is to use a cheap TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) testing device to test the quality of the distilled water before buying. Ideally, the TDS level should be zero for distilled water.
5) The individual cell covers of the battery had not been tightened properly. The solution is to check whether they are tight or not and take necessary action. A suitably sized coin can be used if no tools are available.
6) You do not clean the corrosion on the battery terminals leading to loss of electrical conductivity and eventual failure of the battery. The solution is to clean the battery terminals with a (baking soda + water) mixture. In an emergency, you can also use soft carbonated drinks to clean the battery terminals.
7) The battery terminals are loosely connected resulting in the battery not getting recharged properly. The solution is to tighten the battery terminals.
8) The alternator is not generating enough current to recharge the battery. The solution is to get the alternator checked and replaced if necessary.
9) There is an electrical leakage somewhere within the electrical system leading to the battery getting drained. The solution is to find that electrical leakage and fix it.
10) You are buying batteries that have been manufactured more than 3 months ago. The solution is to buy batteries that have the latest manufacturing dates.
Bonus : You are not using a battery of a suitable range/type. The solution is to get a battery properly matched to the setup of your car.
Note : Sealed Maintenance Free (SMF) is mostly a misnomer. A more accurate term would be Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA). Most SMF/VRLA batteries too need maintenance but less than regular lead-acid ones.
I hope you found this useful. Wish you all happy and safe drives ahead
