If seen in a narrow sense, this post might be seen as OT; if in a wider sense, not really. I will be a bit less precise to convey broad sense in this post. Especially in the beginning some of it might be too basic - please bear with me.
How do we form opinions?
It has a lot do with:
- The information we are are exposed to.
- The framework we internally use in our minds and hearts to interpret and draw conclusions from the above.
- This in turn is much influenced by our "biases". In a sense, a bias in another is what doesn't align with our own "neutral" framework and sense of being "right".
- Where does our sense of neutral and right come from? It is usually deeply connected to formation of our views based on our surroundings at different points in life - early years, crises in our lives, and sudden revelations, forming an important part.
Where do we get our information from? Old days (well, only about a decade or so ago):A dominant part has been newspapers and TV channels. There have been few choices. Media sources being roughly divided based on what would sell for a section of their viewers (and their source of funding, but will not go into that). Roughly divided into Left, Right, and Centre - each market catered too. What we got was filtered by editors and we got selected information with accompanying information leading to encouraging some views and discouraging others.
Based on their bent/bias/framework, people usually relied on their 'favourite' news sources, thereby reinforcing their semi-formed views to more firm ones. This was a slowish process.
More Recently (past decade or so):
What changed?
- Social media arrives on the scene.
- Accompanied with huge storage capacity and immense computing potential. Ever increasing.
- Analytics of population being a lot more viable.
This clearly is of use for politicians and holders of power. To influence the views of large masses is vital in a democracy, but also in a relatively autocratic regime (to reduce chances and costs of avoiding an uprising)
Some thoughts on how Social Media functions
How does one use this new power or not being restricted to a few news media outlets, and having a way to disseminate a million views, coupled with ever increasing and more powerful analytics? Think like a power holder - a politician or a wealthy influential businessman or a part of that system.
For influence to work, the views need to be palatable to people of varying viewpoints. In the old days, one could have 3 (or a bit more) broad classifications of left, right, centre. Now a huge number is possible, so the 'market' is divided into many more 'nuanced' sets of views. Most active users of social media would find some people who resonate with them and their views. The ones which resonate are shared or 'liked'. Others who have similar views too share and like your shares. There is a sense of reward when that happens. Much info is available on this topic (
link)
Now, once we start getting that reward by acknowledgement (words, shares, likes etc) we tend to do more of that. Gradually, this also leads to views which are more away from the 'neutral/centre' as they tend to get more rewards.
The above gradually polarises people. They tend to get 'rewarded' for harder and triumphant views. A sense of camaraderie and one of being 'on the same side' tends to develop in groups of people. Almost like a loosely held team. Once teams come up, the primitive part of our brain attaches a sense of win-loss and things become combative. The evolved part of our brain handles this with much sophistication and often excellent disguise, but beyond the surface, there often is such a phenomenon playing in my rough and only semi-certain opinion.
All this increases engagement and time spent on social media, hence advertisement and revenue - the prime business objective of the social media company. Social Media Thoughts - Part 2: Business of Reinforcement
From a business perspective, to increase engagement, besides 'conflicts' as described above, it also helps to give more of what the user is likely to spend time on.
So, say if you spend a lot of time on conspiracy theories on YouTube (especially if signed in), you would see more related videos. It would often work towards reinforcing those views. Now, this idea isn't restricted to any particular topic like conspiracy theories or YouTube. It could be about views favouring anything. It could be for just about anything - political extremes (any side), countries, a certain kind of food/diet, history, and so on. It also works across most platforms. Eg Twitter will suggest accounts to follow, and Facebook will suggest pages and groups based on this - thereby increasing the bias in the material we expose ourselves to.
In other words, there is a natural tendency to make some views we gently have become harder with time. Further dealt with in the next section.
Social Media Thoughts and More - Part 3: About Ourselves
What also happens is that once we publicly declare our views and points of view, our sense of pride often gets attached to it. Withdrawing from it feels a bit like a 'loss', and we (consciously or sub-consciously) tend to stick to our guns. New thoughts and (near?) evidence becomes difficult to accommodate in our view of the world and situations around us.
The above affects the information we expose ourselves to. The new SM customised 'reality' we all tend to live in (in varying degrees), further encourages reinforcement of older views. If a different set of views comes our way, we often find another (typically SM promoted) view which debunks it.
The 'fight' carries on.
Social Media Thoughts - Part 4: Power Centres
Again, think in terms of big holders of power. They would use this power to influence people to change viability of things they wish to do. The viability is influenced by what people from relevant sections think - votes, social unrest etc.
All sides indulge in some sort of propaganda. It simply increases in times when the stakes are high, as they are in a conflict/war. It would be natural for them to invest in individuals, companies, and groups which pose a individuals to promote views and stories which favour them and show the opponent in poor light.
It seems logical to me that like before, they too would cater to people with varying tastes and degrees of acceptance of their propaganda, and sets of views will be presented by different groups with badges of authority attached to them. It is also interesting to note how new accounts come up in phases such as now, and also how people who had a moderate backing for other topics start commenting on politics - nuanced influencing of the one moderately off the centre to more off the centre. All this can be done in a pretty sophisticated manner to seem neutral. Let us not miss the power analytics combined with psychology brings.
While the reader finds what they read as objective and logical (and it might well be) it is often a selection of facts - facts chosen to present a narrative suitable to a centre of power who is invested in the game.
The 'fight' carries on.
It need not.
One does not need to end up as a pawn in the game of power centres.
Concluding Remarks
The thoughts I shared above were very general and based on what I see on social media all the time - with strangers on Twitter forming groups to thumb the other down, to well known ones from institutions they spent good years enjoying together getting into battles on WhatsApp groups.
In comparison to those, this thread has largely been extremely mature (kudos to the team and mods).
The moment we feel we might be going down the 'fight' path, please pause a moment to consider the points made above.
Edit: How this related to the Impact of the Russia-Ukraine war?
Coupled with social media usage, I hope would not end up polarising society even more than it already is.