[SS-Traveller]

Driving a car is apparently easy. You get yourself a driving licence after appearing for a short 15- or 20-minute test (add a few hundred ₹ and you are through in even less time), and you are ready to drive from one end of the country to another. But driving safely, as opposed to just driving, is a different matter altogether, and takes years of training, practice and self-evaluation.

So here's a list of The Ten Commandments, as I like to call them, that should make you a much safer driver on our roads. You can assess your own abilities and performance on the road and away from it (on private pathways), with the help of a friend as necessary. Repeated practice would ensure that your basic skills while driving are honed to perfection.

[SS-Traveller]

The First Commandment

Sit in your car, ensure all the doors are closed, set up the seats and mirrors, and ensure that all occupants (front AND rear) wear seat belts

Here are videos of how to set up your seat and mirrors:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9gMaf99-mI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIkodlp8HMM

[SS-Traveller]

The Second Commandment

Familiarize yourself in YOUR stationary car, to be able to BLINDLY shift gears and use all controls

1. Close your eyes (better still, blindfold yourself) in a stationary car without the engine running, and ask a friend to call out gear numbers 1 to 5/6, neutral & reverse in random order. As s/he does that, you should be able to
- depress the clutch,
- remove the right foot from the accelerator pedal,
- shift into appropriate gear as called out, and
- release the clutch pedal while reapplying pressure to the accelerator pedal

2. You should BLINDLY be able to turn on/off all the lights, use the low and high beams, use the turn indicator and wiper controls, increase / reduce ICE volume, adjust the AC controls, and use cruise control and other steering mounted buttons by touch, without looking at them.

This is your own car you would be regularly driving, so you need to be familiar. In an unfamiliar car that you are driving for the first time (such as a rental or test drive car), make sure you are conversant with the layout of all the controls, before you start driving.

[SS-Traveller]

The Third Commandment

Start and move the car SMOOTHLY in 5 seconds or less

Get a friend to time you with a stopwatch. This should be done on both flat surfaces and on mild to moderate upward slopes, both forward and in the reverse directions. On slopes, you are allowed to use the handbrake, but you must disengage it fully as soon as you begin to move.

If you
- jerk the car or stall, or
- roll the other way before starting to move the car, or
- you over-rev the car and slip the clutch unnecessarily,
you need to practise this a lot more than you think. If you cannot do this, you should not be driving on a public road.

[SS-Traveller]

The Fourth Commandment

Stop the car IMMEDIATELY with a sudden "STOP" command from your friend, without stalling the car

You should always be alert to a sudden requirement to carry out an emergency stop, and you cannot stall the engine when you do so (and nor should you depress the clutch pedal at the same time as the brake pedal). Only after the car slows should you depress the clutch pedal, to prevent stalling.

[SS-Traveller]

The Fifth Commandment

ALWAYS glance at the mirrors (both IRVM & ORVM) when your foot moves to the brake pedal

Always scan the mirrors and the dashboard every few seconds (ideally every 3-5 seconds, for a duration of less than 1 second) while driving.

Move your head to either side for a quick glance at the ORVMs, and not try to use the corners of your eyes (peripheral vision) to scan the mirrors. Your peripheral vision produces a blurred image that your brain often does not interpret as a danger sign.

[SS-Traveller]

The Sixth Commandment

You must be able to maintain a constant speed - especially slow speeds - even on an empty road

Practise driving at a constant & steady speed, such as 10 km/h or 25 km/h, on an empty stretch of road. Anyone can push down the accelerator pedal and go very fast on an empty road. The skill lies in controlling your speed and developing your patience. How well you can modulate the pressure on the accelerator pedal to constantly maintain that speed while checking the speedometer, is critical to your safety.

Do not use cruise control or speed limiter functions on your car to practise this skill.

[SS-Traveller]

The Seventh Commandment

You must be able to position your vehicle between lane markings at all times while driving

It is not as easy as you think. On a long stretch of highway, there will be very few vehicles (other than long distance lorries) that can and will maintain the position of their vehicles in the middle of two white lines, especially around curves and turns. Most drivers in India straddle lanes, as if the white lines are some sort of monorail for them to drive on.

Whenever changing lanes or making a turn, you MUST turn on the indicator on the appropriate side.

[SS-Traveller]

The Eighth Commandment

You should be able to park quickly (under 15-20 seconds) and properly (both parallel park and reverse perpendicular park)

Here are a couple of videos about how to parallel park:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVCAQRgjWzo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZmBW23Djjg

...and a couple of videos of how to reverse perpendicular park:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rOiiyPqWac

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0DmPEL_08E

Ask your friend to time you with a stopwatch, while you perform the manoeuvre.

[SS-Traveller]

The Ninth Commandment

Maintain your Crash Avoidance Space (CAS)

You can read about CAS in detail at this post (The Art of Following & Changing Lanes safely), which is also quoted here:

Originally Posted by SS-Traveller

Rule #2: Leave enough CAS to avoid a CrASh

CAS stands for Crash Avoidance Space

So how much CAS is optimal?

Front:

The gap is measured in seconds, not metres. Most of us know this already, but how many seconds?
- 1.5 seconds at 40 kmph
- 2 seconds at 60 kmph
- 2.5 seconds at 80 kmph
- 3 seconds at 100 kmph
Since the distance varies with speed and surrounding moving traffic, this is called the

dynamic CAS

. Static CAS was mentioned in the previous post.

Attachment 2274429

- Add 1 second for each additional hazard:

• Night driving
• Sand, gravel or rain (wet road)
• Tired driver (you)
• Poor visibility (rain)
• Fog (refer to separate thread at this link (Guidelines & Tips for Safe Driving in FOG))

https://www.Youtube.com/watch?v=mXmqnSNRWQo

Rear:

Equal gap as in the front. Though this is the responsibility of the driver coming up behind, one can compensate for tailgaters by adding a similar interval in front of one's own car.

Attachment 2274670

Sides (Lateral CAS):

Enough space to open one's doors wide at all times (at least 1 metre on both sides). Never squeeze through gaps at speed, and never stop at a traffic light, leaving no space to open doors and get out.
https://Youtu.be/1EcPYe_P060
DO NOT overtake between two vehicles when there is insufficient lateral CAS. It is wiser to wait till you can leave sufficient CAS before passing both vehicles. Watch how the gap is too little between the two trucks, but opens up later.
https://Youtu.be/pGp02Bdp9YI
Lateral CAS on the highway saves you from potential crashes in case of sudden unexpected lane intrusions, such as in the video below (towards the latter part of the video).
https://Youtu.be/d0ENe2VuUHs
Tip: To count the seconds, say "one thousand and one, two thousand and one, three thousand and one..." to yourself. We can comfortably utter 4 syllables per second. Even "one banana, two banana, three banana..." will do.

[SS-Traveller]

The Tenth Commandment

Do not handle a mobile phone while in control of a moving vehicle

The Indian laws ban the use of mobile phones other than for navigation, but they don't appear to clarify that a mobile device must be firmly mounted on a holder on the dashboard close to eye / windscreen level, even for navigation purposes.

Do not touch your mobile phone while the car is in motion, and you are driving, whether to answer or disconnect a call, read a text, change the music, or change navigation settings. Stop the car before touching the phone. Get a proper mount that holds your phone such that you do not need to remove your eyes from the road to see the navigation screen.

[BlackPearl]

Thread moved out from the Assembly Line. Thanks for sharing!

[IP_Man]

Awesome thread. Thanks for sharing.

Regarding adjustment of mirrors, first time I got clear understanding of how to adjust them properly to eliminate blind spot. Why this instructions are not included in car owners manual?

One additional point from my side. Pl. maintain at least 30 cm distance from steering wheel to your body by adjusting reach and/or seat. This is proper minimum safe distance allowance for the reaction of the seat belt and airbags in case of frontal impact.

[SS-Traveller]

Originally Posted by IP_Man

Pl. maintain at least 30 cm distance from steering wheel to your body by adjusting reach and/or seat.

It's actually 25-30 cm from the centre boss of the steering wheel to the face. At 30 cm from the chest, the driver will need very long arms to reach the steering wheel properly.

[sravankrishnan]

Originally Posted by SS-Traveller

Here are videos of how to set up your seat and mirrors:

The mirror adjustment is an excellent suggestion for the highways and is certainly a mistake I should rectify in the future. However, I wonder if it may have some drawbacks when it comes to seeing two-wheelers riding close to you in traffic, which is not unlikely in India.

If we touch our head against the right window (for right hand drive) and adjust the mirror just beyond where you can see the edge of the car, wouldn't it mean you can't see a few degrees of the right rear when you are back in the default driving position? Would that small area cover a two-wheeler entirely? That needs to be confirmed in my opinion. Maybe we'll be able to see the edge of the crash guard.

If that's indeed an issue maybe one could adjust the mirror to the where you can see the edge of the car while being in the default driving position. That would give you a slightly better visibility of the rear right without the above issue. There's no particular reason to see the rear door of your car in the first place.