Hi Guys (and those who are uninitiated in the ways of the Global Positioning System

)
Name and Usage
SAT NAV : The word SATNAV referred to a older version of Satellite Navigation. This system too was developed by the US DOD but used a different technology whereby the user was not continuously updated on his position. User was given "fixes" (a cross hair consisting of a Lat and Long) at frequent intervals (depending on the Almanac of the satellite and the position of the user). In between the fixes, the receiver would guide the user on DR (dead reckoning) based on user-input courses and speeds. As is evident, this was not a real time positioning system and thus not very reliable.
GPS : GPS (Global Positioning System) is the current system. It works in real-time and with every look at the Display showing a Lat and Long, you may plot a fix. The only time this does not hold good is when the receiver is unable to obtain signals from a third sat and usually indicates the same to the user (Magnavox GPS display units shows "UNRES" which stands for unresolved).
The nominal GPS Operational Constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. There are often more than 24 operational satellites as new ones are launched to replace older satellites. The satellite orbits repeat almost the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once each day. The orbit altitude is such that the satellites repeat the same track and configuration over any point approximately each 24 hours (4 minutes earlier each day). There are six orbital planes (with nominally four Sats in each), equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial plane. This constellation provides the user with between five and eight sats visible from any point on the earth.
Funda
Basically, very simple. If I were to say you are 100m from your your doorbell, you could be anywhere on the circumference of a 100m radius circle from your doorbell. Further, I also say that you are 25m from your neighbor's doorbell (across the road, if you may!), you could be only at two positions, where both the circles interact - the 100m and the 25m. If I further state that you are also facing the row of houses which includes your own, you will be 100% sure of the position as only one such position exists (all assuming the same height above sea level). The GPS system uses sats instead of doorbells and of course, a lot of techno wizardry.
The word precision in tech terms is used for GDOP (Geometric Dilution of Precision). GDOP is computed from the geometric relationships between the receiver position and the positions of the satellites the receiver is using for navigation - The more the angle of cut between the position lines drawn by the Sats, the better is the GDOP.
Accuracy
Till about a few years ago (can not quite recall the date now having quit sailing for a while!), there was SA (Selective Availability) in force by DOD - in simpler words, an induced error. Even then, the accuracy was +-250meters. But with SA gone, the accuracy is down to +-30 meters and if using DGPS correction signals, accuracy is within +-5 meters - this however is limited to the availability of DGPS stations in the area.
Quote:
Originally Posted by vivekiny2k by precision, what i meant is how correct ur location is, as given by the GPS receiver. I belive in US if us position is given as X, the error can be 3 meters +/ either sides. so u are still having a very good idea of where u are, hence the street navigation is easy.but since the satellites are not so favourably positioned for india, the error in india might run close to 100-200 meters. I am not sure about that though. |
Also, irrespective of the nationality, the accuracy of GPS receiver remain the same (Of course, the fixed and variable errors remain to effect each user individually depending on atmospheric conditions, location and receiver/antennae mounting).
Cheers