Re: After Trump, EU seeks 0% tariffs on car imports to India I am amused by the Criticism and harshness towards Indian origin Car Manufacturers. This also gives some idea regarding anger regarding apathy and acumen of Research and Development (R&D) by earlier Indian Car Manufacturers, or either having no idea regarding R&D.
I remember reading a story regarding 2 Japanese exchange Students studying in America in the 1960s. I am not sure whether this is a True story or an Invented one, but one may get the notion regarding the point it make. So the story goes like this:
2 Japanese exchange students studying in America use Japan made pencils, which broke frequently. The American students in there class ask them to use made in America pencils, which were of better quality and were durable. The Japanese students replied that they knew that the pencils they had would break; and it would take some time for improvement in Quality. But if they do not use made in Japan pencils themselves, then who will use those pencils and how will then the Quality improve if no one is buying those pencils (no money to invest in improvements for the business).
Now coming to Facts:
The Indian Car Scene:
Pre1980-1990:
There was License Raj and only few Manufacturers were assembling Cars with License from Foreign Manufacturers. Import Duty on Cars was High. Hindustan Motors, Premier Automobiles got good commerical success; but they did not invest much in development of indigenius Products. There was some opportunity, but it did not happen.
GOI collaborated with Suzuki and introduced Japanese engineered Products in Indian market, which were successful. Tata could not make a joint venture with Honda in this time period - not able to recall the reason whether it was due to entry of Suzuki with Maruti. M&M was manufacturing Utility vehicles, informally called as Jeeps.
In the meanwhile, Japanese and Korean Car manufacturers had developed themselves with in-house capabilities, R&D, Quality Control techniques and started entering Global markets.
1990-1998:
Post Liberalization, there was 100%FDI by Global Automobile Manufacturers in India. Hyundai, GM, Fiat, Honda made entry in the Indian Car Market. At this time Premier made JV with Pueguot which got closed. So we did not had any Indigenious developed Products still.
1998-2010:
Tata launch the Indica, which was developed in India. Manufacturers such as Hyundai, GM, VW, Fiat, Honda, Ford, with backing of their Global R&D started manufacturing Cars in India. These companies were successful and contributed to Export of Cars from India.
The market share was also distributed among Car OEMs.
Tata did launch Nano, which is an Indigenious developed Car. This showcased Frugal Engineering and in-house R&D capabilities. But this was met with multiple issues and was not that successful, inspite of being Team BHP COTY. We have a separate thread for this.
Interesting ICE Cars do still catch fires even recently, inspite of Developments in Automobile Field.
2010-2019:
Maruti increased it market share to 50% with setbacks by other OEMs. Suzuki even added New Manufacturing Plants inspite of Maruti having Free cashflows, which could have been invested in R&D. Maruti also had increase in stake by Suzuki earlier with reduction of share holding by GOI.
Meanwhile, Indian Origin OEMs were nowwhere doing much. Hindustan Motors closed. Premier tried with Rio, but then closed it. Tata's Car Business was in bad shape.
M&M was doing Good and showcased capabilities with their XUV500, which was a successful Car with new features. By end of the decade, Tata did turnaround and gave 5 Star Cars to the Indian Market.
But here, the Global manufacturers were also having issues. GM and then Ford closed manufacturing Cars. Renault after some success lost market share. VW could not sustain there initial success.
2019-Present:
Indian origin manufacturers are now only M&M and Tata. They have now gained some market share and are doing Financially good to invest in R&D.
But we missed the point here, that, in the meanwhile, Chinese OEMs invested in R&D of EVs and got better and better. They got investment and support internally. There was no 100% FDI and they could do JVs with Global OEMs to learn know how of Global Practices and Quality control techniques.
The Traiff related Protection in India is related to Manufacturing and earlier 100%FDI was allowed without any JVs.
Hence, let's be less critical of Indian OEMs as in Automobile sector, they have to develop Products with in-house R&D. Let us admire Global Products and hope that Indian OEMs make Good Cars.
On the other side, in case of Two-Wheeler market, Indian OEMs have developed Good Products and are exporting in Good Numbers. They are even performing well in Indian Market and giving New Products with improved technology as well. |